OK so I guess we need to jump-start this one. Here goes.
* Whats the difference between a buffer and a window?
This one I'm not going to give away; do a little research, it's not hard.
* What are the main states a buffer can be in?
See snippet of buffer.c below
* What are the main states a window can be in?
OK so this one's tougher... no easy answer from what I can see. Rendered-vs-hidden? Folded? What's a frame vs. a window?
* What's the name of the little window at the bottom of the screen?
They refer to it as the "command line"
* What are tabs in Vim? What's the -p option all about?
Also left as exercises for students.